The principle of a car wheel aligner

汽车四轮定位仪的原理主要涉及对车辆四轮参数的精确测量与调整，以确保车辆行驶时的稳定性和操控性。以下是关于汽车四轮定位仪原理的详细解释：

一、四轮定位仪的作用

汽车四轮定位仪是用于检测汽车车轮定位参数的精密测量仪器。它通过测量车轮与车辆中心线的相对角度，以及车轮与后轴的相对位置，来确保车辆四轮以最理想的姿态共同工作。这一过程中，四轮定位仪会与原厂设计参数进行对比，并指导使用者对车轮定位参数进行相应调整，使其符合原设计要求，从而达到理想的汽车行驶性能。

二、四轮定位仪的工作原理

数据采集：

四轮定位仪的数据采集部分通常由四个测量探头组成，这些探头中的传感器（如CCD）能够感应与其相对的测量探头上的红外发射管的光线坐标。

这些光线坐标信息通过无线发射器传输到机柜中的无线接收器，再经工控机中的COM口传输到电脑主机进行运算与处理。

数据处理与显示：

四轮定位仪的数据处理部分主要包括一套计算机系统、电源系统及接口系统。

计算机系统用于实现用户对四轮定位仪的指令操作，并对传感器的图像数据进行采集、处理。

处理后的数据会与原厂设计参数一起显示出来，同时指导用户对汽车车轮进行调整。

调整与反馈：

根据四轮定位仪的测量结果，技师可以对车轮的定位参数（如前束、外倾角等）进行调整，以使其符合原厂设计要求。

调整完成后，四轮定位仪还可以再次进行测量，以确保调整效果达到预期。

三、四轮定位的参数

四轮定位的参数主要包括前轮定位和后轮定位两部分：

前轮定位：涉及转向车轮、转向节和前轴之间的安装关系，主要参数包括主销后倾、主销内倾、前轮外倾和前轮前束。这四个因素共同影响着车辆的转向、行驶稳定性和轮胎磨损。

后轮定位：对后轴车轮与后轴的相对位置进行调整，包括车轮外倾和逐个后轮前束。这是保持车辆行驶平衡和减少轮胎磨损的关键。

四、四轮定位仪的使用注意事项

在进行四轮定位之前，需要检查车辆悬挂装置、车轮轴承、转向系统等是否存在间隙和损坏。车辆轮胎的胎纹深度允差应在规定范围内，轮胎充气压力也需要符合规定。

在进行四轮定位时，应严格按照定位仪的显示步骤进行操作，不允许省略任何步骤。

调整各轮定位参数时，应符合各车型“维修手册”的要求。对于不符合规定要求的情况，需要进行相应的调整，但原车不能调整的除外。

综上所述，汽车四轮定位仪的原理是通过精确测量和调整车辆四轮的定位参数，以确保车辆行驶时的稳定性和操控性。在使用四轮定位仪时，需要注意相关操作规范和注意事项，以确保测量结果的准确性和调整效果的有效性。

The principle of a four-wheel alignment machine mainly involves precise measurement and adjustment of the vehicle's four-wheel parameters to ensure stability and maneuverability during driving. Here is a detailed explanation of the principles of a four-wheel alignment machine:

I. The function of a four-wheel alignment machine
A four-wheel alignment machine is a precision measurement instrument used to detect the four-wheel alignment parameters of a vehicle. It measures the relative angles between the wheels and the vehicle centerline, as well as the relative position between the wheels and the rear axle, to ensure that the vehicle's four wheels work together in the most ideal position. During this process, the four-wheel alignment machine compares the measured data with the original factory design parameters and guides the user to adjust the wheel alignment parameters accordingly to meet the original design requirements and achieve the desired vehicle performance.

II. The working principle of a four-wheel alignment machine
Data acquisition:
The data acquisition part of a four-wheel alignment machine is usually composed of four measurement probes, which are equipped with sensors such as CCD that can sense the coordinate of the infrared emitting diodes on the measurement probe opposite to it.
The coordinate information is transmitted to the wireless receiver in the cabinet through the wireless transmitter, and then transmitted to the computer host via the COM port in the industrial computer for calculation and processing.
Data processing and display:
The data processing part of a four-wheel alignment machine mainly includes a computer system, a power system, and an interface system.
The computer system is used to implement the user's instructions for the four-wheel alignment machine and collect and process the image data of the sensors.
The processed data is displayed together with the original factory design parameters, and guides the user to adjust the vehicle wheels.

Adjustment and Feedback:
Based on the measurement results from the four-wheel alignment instrument, the technician can adjust the wheel alignment parameters (such as camber, caster angle, etc.) to meet the original factory design requirements.
After the adjustment is complete, the four-wheel alignment instrument can be used again for measurement to ensure that the adjustment has achieved the desired results.
III. Parameters of Four-Wheel Alignment
The parameters of four-wheel alignment mainly include front and rear wheel alignment:
Front Wheel Alignment: involves the installation relationship between steering wheels, steering knuckles, and front axles, and the main parameters include camber, caster angle, front wheel camber, and front wheel toe-in. These four factors jointly affect the vehicle's steering, driving stability, and tire wear.
Rear Wheel Alignment: adjusts the relative position of the rear axle wheels, including rear wheel camber and individual rear wheel toe-in. This is a key factor in maintaining vehicle stability and reducing tire wear.
IV. Precautions for Using Four-Wheel Alignment Instrument
Before performing four-wheel alignment, it is necessary to check whether the vehicle's suspension system, wheel bearings, and steering system have any gaps or damage. The tire tread depth tolerance should be within the specified range, and the tire inflation pressure should also meet the specified requirements.
During four-wheel alignment, the operation should be strictly carried out according to the display steps of the alignment instrument, and no steps should be skipped.
When adjusting the wheel alignment parameters of each wheel, it should comply with the requirements of the "maintenance manual" of each model. For situations that do not meet the specified requirements, adjustments need to be made accordingly, but the original vehicle cannot be adjusted except for special cases.

In summary, the principle of the four-wheel alignment instrument is to accurately measure and adjust the wheel alignment parameters of the vehicle to ensure the stability and controllability of the vehicle during driving. When using the four-wheel alignment instrument, attention should be paid to the relevant operation specifications and precautions to ensure the accuracy of the measurement results and the effectiveness of the adjustment.

The company specializes in the production of four-wheel aligners, tire removal machines, balancing machines and other high-end wheel maintenance equipment, is a research and development, production, sales and service in one of the automobile maintenance equipment manufacturers. "Roadbuck" is committed to the R&D, production and sales of high-end automobile maintenance equipment, continuously innovating around the needs of customers, launching professional automobile maintenance service solutions, and striving to improve the user experience and create a good reputation with high-quality products and considerate services. At present, Rodrople's products have been sold to more than 60 regions abroad, serving more users in the auto maintenance industry.

2024-10-23